const{Fragment:e,jsx:n,jsxs:l}=arguments[0];function _createMdxContent(r){const a={a:"a",code:"code",figure:"figure",h2:"h2",h3:"h3",h4:"h4",img:"img",li:"li",p:"p",pre:"pre",span:"span",strong:"strong",ul:"ul",...r.components};return l(e,{children:[n(a.p,{children:"Now that Kubernetes is up and running, it's time to do something with it. For me, it’s this very blog, which is already running on Kubernetes on my Raspberry Pi as I write this. I’ve tried to do this in the most professional way possible. Not only to learn but also to share with you; let me explain how I deployed this very blog on Kubernetes."}),"\n",n(a.p,{children:"To properly understand the whole process (from building the image to DNS and HTTPS) is a complex endeavour. This is why we will focus first on deploying a very simple website on your local network."}),"\n",n(a.h2,{id:"step-1--the-simplest-of-apps",children:"Step 1 : The simplest of apps"}),"\n",n(a.p,{children:"To simplify this tutorial, let’s set up the simplest app possible: a single HTML file served with Nginx and built with a Dockerfile."}),"\n",n(a.p,{children:n(a.img,{src:"/static/k8s-deploy_file-tree-65863f.webp",alt:"Simplest app file tree"})}),"\n",n(a.p,{children:"The Dockerfile looks like this:"}),"\n",n(a.figure,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:n(a.pre,{style:{backgroundColor:"#24292e",color:"#e1e4e8"},tabIndex:"0","data-language":"dockerfile","data-theme":"github-dark",children:l(a.code,{"data-language":"dockerfile","data-theme":"github-dark",style:{display:"grid"},children:[l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#F97583"},children:"FROM"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:" nginx:alpine"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#F97583"},children:"COPY"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:" app/ /usr/share/nginx/html/"})]})]})})}),"\n",n(a.p,{children:'And to make it even simpler, the HTML file isn\'t even "proper" HTML, but browsers don’t mind. It’s just this:'}),"\n",n(a.figure,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:n(a.pre,{style:{backgroundColor:"#24292e",color:"#e1e4e8"},tabIndex:"0","data-language":"html","data-theme":"github-dark",children:n(a.code,{"data-language":"html","data-theme":"github-dark",style:{display:"grid"},children:l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:"<"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:"h1"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:">Hello from the simplest possible app!"})]})})})}),"\n",n(a.p,{children:"Since the goal is to learn deployment rather than app development, this will allow us to focus on the essentials. You can build and test it locally using the following commands:"}),"\n",n(a.figure,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:n(a.pre,{style:{backgroundColor:"#24292e",color:"#e1e4e8"},tabIndex:"0","data-language":"bash","data-theme":"github-dark",children:n(a.code,{"data-language":"bash","data-theme":"github-dark",style:{display:"grid"},children:l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#B392F0"},children:"docker"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:" build"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#79B8FF"},children:" -t"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:" simple-app"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:" ."})]})})})}),"\n",n(a.p,{children:"And run it locally to test:"}),"\n",n(a.figure,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:n(a.pre,{style:{backgroundColor:"#24292e",color:"#e1e4e8"},tabIndex:"0","data-language":"bash","data-theme":"github-dark",children:n(a.code,{"data-language":"bash","data-theme":"github-dark",style:{display:"grid"},children:l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#B392F0"},children:"docker"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:" run"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#79B8FF"},children:" -p"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:" 80:80"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:" simple-app"})]})})})}),"\n",l(a.p,{children:["Once running, you can access your website by visiting ",n(a.code,{children:"http://localhost"})," in your browser."]}),"\n",n(a.h2,{id:"step-2--how-to-push-your-image-to-github-container-registry",children:"Step 2 : How to push your image to GitHub Container Registry"}),"\n",l(a.p,{children:["Great, we have an app; it's time to make it available to our cluster. To do this, Kubernetes needs to pull the image from a registry. There are two options: either you go all in self hosting (with Docker Registry or Zot), or you can use the ",n(a.strong,{children:"GitHub Container Registry (GHCR)"}),". To make this tutorial more applicable to everyone, let’s use GitHub, but don't hesitate to try and self-host your container as well!"]}),"\n",l(a.p,{children:["First, you'll need a ",n(a.strong,{children:"Personal Access Token (PAT)"}),". You can create one on GitHub by going to ",n(a.strong,{children:"Settings"})," → ",n(a.strong,{children:"Developer settings"})," → ",n(a.strong,{children:"Personal access tokens"})," (Tokens classic)."]}),"\n",n(a.p,{children:"You need these permissions:"}),"\n",l(a.ul,{children:["\n",n(a.li,{children:n(a.code,{children:"write:packages"})}),"\n",n(a.li,{children:n(a.code,{children:"read:packages"})}),"\n"]}),"\n",n(a.p,{children:"(Quick tip: PATs have an expiration date. If yours expires, Kubernetes will eventually lose the ability to pull your images. I highly recommend setting a reminder in your calendar a few days before it expires so you don't get stuck with a broken deployment later)."}),"\n",n(a.p,{children:"Store it in an environment variable:"}),"\n",n(a.figure,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:n(a.pre,{style:{backgroundColor:"#24292e",color:"#e1e4e8"},tabIndex:"0","data-language":"bash","data-theme":"github-dark",children:n(a.code,{"data-language":"bash","data-theme":"github-dark",style:{display:"grid"},children:l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#F97583"},children:"export"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:" GHCR_TOKEN"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#F97583"},children:"="}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:"ghp_xxxxxxxxxxxxx"})]})})})}),"\n",n(a.p,{children:"Then, log in to GHCR:"}),"\n",n(a.figure,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:n(a.pre,{style:{backgroundColor:"#24292e",color:"#e1e4e8"},tabIndex:"0","data-language":"bash","data-theme":"github-dark",children:n(a.code,{"data-language":"bash","data-theme":"github-dark",style:{display:"grid"},children:l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#79B8FF"},children:"echo"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:" $GHCR_TOKEN "}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#F97583"},children:"|"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#B392F0"},children:" docker"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:" login"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:" ghcr.io"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#79B8FF"},children:" -u"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#F97583"},children:" <"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:"YOUR_GITHUB_USERNAM"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:"E"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#F97583"},children:">"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#79B8FF"},children:" --password-stdin"})]})})})}),"\n",l(a.p,{children:["Now, tag and push your image. Replace ",n(a.code,{children:""})," with your actual username."]}),"\n",l(a.p,{children:["Note the ",n(a.code,{children:"--platform linux/arm64"})," flag: Raspberry Pi uses an ARM architecture, while most standard PCs and laptops use x86. These are different types of CPU architectures, and since an x86 image won't run on an ARM processor, this option is mandatory when building for the Pi."]}),"\n",n(a.figure,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:n(a.pre,{style:{backgroundColor:"#24292e",color:"#e1e4e8"},tabIndex:"0","data-language":"bash","data-theme":"github-dark",children:l(a.code,{"data-language":"bash","data-theme":"github-dark",style:{display:"grid"},children:[l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#B392F0"},children:"docker"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:" build"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#79B8FF"},children:" --platform"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:" linux/arm64"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#79B8FF"},children:" -t"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:" ghcr.io/"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#F97583"},children:"<"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:"YOUR_GITHUB_USERNAM"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:"E"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#F97583"},children:">"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:"/simple-app:latest"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:" ."})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#B392F0"},children:"docker"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:" push"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:" ghcr.io/"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#F97583"},children:"<"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:"YOUR_GITHUB_USERNAM"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:"E"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#F97583"},children:">"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:"/simple-app:latest"})]})]})})}),"\n",l(a.p,{children:["You should now see your image in the ",n(a.strong,{children:"Packages"})," tab of your GitHub profile."]}),"\n",n(a.p,{children:n(a.img,{src:"/static/k8s-deploy_packages-tab-0641da.webp",alt:"Packages tab"})}),"\n",n(a.h2,{id:"step-3--how-to-pull-your-image-from-github-container-registry",children:"Step 3 : How to pull your image from GitHub Container Registry"}),"\n",l(a.p,{children:["Now that the image is online, Kubernetes needs to pull it. To do this, we need to tell K3s which credentials to use for ",n(a.code,{children:"ghcr.io"}),". On your Pi node, edit the registry configuration:"]}),"\n",n(a.figure,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:n(a.pre,{style:{backgroundColor:"#24292e",color:"#e1e4e8"},tabIndex:"0","data-language":"bash","data-theme":"github-dark",children:n(a.code,{"data-language":"bash","data-theme":"github-dark",style:{display:"grid"},children:l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#B392F0"},children:"sudo"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:" nano"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:" /etc/rancher/k3s/registries.yaml"})]})})})}),"\n",n(a.p,{children:"Add your credentials:"}),"\n",n(a.figure,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:n(a.pre,{style:{backgroundColor:"#24292e",color:"#e1e4e8"},tabIndex:"0","data-language":"yaml","data-theme":"github-dark",children:l(a.code,{"data-language":"yaml","data-theme":"github-dark",style:{display:"grid"},children:[l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:"configs"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:":"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:' "ghcr.io"'}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:":"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:" auth"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:":"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:" username"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:": "}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:'""'})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:" password"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:": "}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:'""'})]})]})})}),"\n",l(a.p,{children:[n(a.strong,{children:"Important:"})," For K3s to pick up these changes, you'll need to restart the service:"]}),"\n",n(a.figure,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:n(a.pre,{style:{backgroundColor:"#24292e",color:"#e1e4e8"},tabIndex:"0","data-language":"bash","data-theme":"github-dark",children:n(a.code,{"data-language":"bash","data-theme":"github-dark",style:{display:"grid"},children:l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#B392F0"},children:"sudo"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:" systemctl"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:" restart"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:" k3s"})]})})})}),"\n",n(a.h2,{id:"step-4--how-to-write-a-basic-kubernetes-yaml-configuration",children:"Step 4 : How to write a basic Kubernetes YAML configuration"}),"\n",n(a.p,{children:"We are now ready to deploy. To achieve this, we'll need to write some YAML to define our desired state. Let's break down the different blocks required for a basic service or website deployment."}),"\n",n(a.h4,{id:"1-the-namespace",children:"1. The Namespace"}),"\n",l(a.p,{children:['The Namespace is the "box" that contains and organizes your applications. By defining ',n(a.code,{children:"kind: Namespace"})," with the name ",n(a.code,{children:"website-namespace"}),", we create a logical boundary. Every other resource in our file then uses ",n(a.code,{children:"metadata.namespace: website-namespace"})," to tie itself to this box."]}),"\n",l(a.p,{children:["More generally, this and every other Kubernetes configuration share a few common fields: ",n(a.strong,{children:"apiVersion"})," (the version of the K8s API), ",n(a.strong,{children:"kind"})," (what we are creating), and ",n(a.strong,{children:"metadata"})," (the name of the resource and its namespace)."]}),"\n",n(a.p,{children:"Here is how the namespace is defined:"}),"\n",n(a.figure,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:n(a.pre,{style:{backgroundColor:"#24292e",color:"#e1e4e8"},tabIndex:"0","data-language":"yaml","data-theme":"github-dark",children:l(a.code,{"data-language":"yaml","data-theme":"github-dark",style:{display:"grid"},children:[l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:"apiVersion"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:": "}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:"v1"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:"kind"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:": "}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:"Namespace"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:"metadata"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:":"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:" name"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:": "}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:"website-namespace"})]})]})})}),"\n",l(a.p,{children:["See ",n(a.a,{href:"https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/namespaces/",children:"Kubernetes Namespaces"})," for more"]}),"\n",n(a.h4,{id:"2-the-deployment",children:"2. The Deployment"}),"\n",l(a.p,{children:["The deployment defines the ",n(a.strong,{children:"desired state"})," of your application. Like every other resource, it has a ",n(a.strong,{children:"name"})," defined in its metadata. For larger apps, you might have multiple deployments in the same namespace, each managing a different part of your system."]}),"\n",n(a.p,{children:"Here is how the deployment is defined:"}),"\n",n(a.figure,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:n(a.pre,{style:{backgroundColor:"#24292e",color:"#e1e4e8"},tabIndex:"0","data-language":"yaml","data-theme":"github-dark",children:l(a.code,{"data-language":"yaml","data-theme":"github-dark",style:{display:"grid"},children:[l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:"apiVersion"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:": "}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:"apps/v1"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:"kind"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:": "}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:"Deployment"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:"metadata"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:":"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:" name"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:": "}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:"website"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:" namespace"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:": "}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:"website-namespace"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:"spec"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:":"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:" replicas"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:": "}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#79B8FF"},children:"1"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:" selector"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:":"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:" matchLabels"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:":"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:" app"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:": "}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:"website-pod"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:" template"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:":"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:" metadata"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:":"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:" labels"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:":"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:" app"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:": "}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:"website-pod"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:" spec"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:":"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:" containers"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:":"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:" - "}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:"name"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:": "}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:"website-app"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:" image"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:": "}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:"ghcr.io//simple-app:latest"})]})]})})}),"\n",l(a.p,{children:[n(a.strong,{children:"Containers:"}),' This section defines the container to run inside the pod and which image to pull from GHCR. It has a name because a single pod can technically run multiple "tightly coupled" containers (e.g., your main app alongside a sidecar for logging or metrics).']}),"\n",l(a.p,{children:[n(a.strong,{children:"Labels:"})," We tag our pods using ",n(a.code,{children:"spec.template.metadata.labels"})," (e.g., ",n(a.code,{children:"app: website-pod"}),"). Think of these as metadata tags to identify your resources."]}),"\n",l(a.p,{children:[n(a.strong,{children:"Selectors:"})," The deployment uses ",n(a.code,{children:"spec.selector"})," to find which pods it's responsible for by matching these labels. In our simple case, the selector and the labels match exactly, which might look redundant, but this separation allows for very flexible targeting in larger setups."]}),"\n",l(a.p,{children:[n(a.strong,{children:"Replicas:"})," Finally, we specify how many pods (replicas of our container) we want to run (set to ",n(a.code,{children:"1"})," here).\nSee ",n(a.a,{href:"https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/",children:"Kubernetes Deployments"})," for more"]}),"\n",n(a.h4,{id:"3-the-service",children:"3. The Service"}),"\n",l(a.p,{children:["Since pods are ephemeral and their IPs change, we need a stable point of contact to reach our application. The ",n(a.strong,{children:"Service"})," has its own unique ",n(a.strong,{children:"name"})," and acts as a router that takes in requests from the Ingress and sends them to the right pod. It also functions as a load balancer by distributing traffic across any pods that match its selector. In more complex setups, you'll often have multiple services handling different internal communications."]}),"\n",n(a.p,{children:"Here is how the service is defined:"}),"\n",n(a.figure,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:n(a.pre,{style:{backgroundColor:"#24292e",color:"#e1e4e8"},tabIndex:"0","data-language":"yaml","data-theme":"github-dark",children:l(a.code,{"data-language":"yaml","data-theme":"github-dark",style:{display:"grid"},children:[l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:"apiVersion"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:": "}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:"v1"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:"kind"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:": "}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:"Service"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:"metadata"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:":"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:" name"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:": "}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:"website-service"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:" namespace"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:": "}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:"website-namespace"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:"spec"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:":"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:" selector"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:":"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:" app"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:": "}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:"website-pod"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:" ports"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:":"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:" - "}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:"port"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:": "}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#79B8FF"},children:"80"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:" targetPort"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:": "}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#79B8FF"},children:"80"})]})]})})}),"\n",l(a.p,{children:[n(a.strong,{children:"Port Mapping:"})," We map the external ",n(a.strong,{children:"port"})," (80) to the container's ",n(a.strong,{children:"targetPort"})," (80)."]}),"\n",n(a.p,{children:"It might look weird to map port 80 to 80, but this translation is very useful in some situations. On Linux, binding to ports below 1024 (like 80 or 443) usually requires root privileges. By using a Service, we can accept public traffic on port 80 and forward it to a safe, non-privileged port (like 8080) inside the container if needed."}),"\n",l(a.p,{children:["see ",n(a.a,{href:"https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/",children:"Kubernetes Services"})," for more"]}),"\n",n(a.h4,{id:"4-the-ingress",children:"4. The Ingress"}),"\n",l(a.p,{children:["The Ingress is an HTTP router (a submodule under ",n(a.code,{children:"networking.k8s.io/v1"}),") that defines which domain names lead to which services. 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This includes ",n(a.code,{children:"simple-website.home.arpa/about"})," or ",n(a.code,{children:"simple-website.home.arpa/blog/article-1"}),"."]}),"\n",l(a.p,{children:["See ",n(a.a,{href:"https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress/",children:"Kubernetes Ingress"})," for more"]}),"\n",n(a.p,{children:"Here is a diagram to show how these different components interact:"}),"\n",n(a.p,{children:n(a.img,{src:"/static/k8s-deploy_kubernetes-architecture-6d56a4.webp",alt:"Kubernetes architecture"})}),"\n",n(a.h3,{id:"the-full-configuration",children:"The full configuration"}),"\n",l(a.p,{children:["By concatenating all these blocks using the ",n(a.code,{children:"---"})," separator, we get our final configuration file. While you can keep them as separate files, combining them into a single ",n(a.code,{children:"config.yaml"})," is often easier for small projects. As things get more complex, you might eventually want to split them back up."]}),"\n",l(a.p,{children:["Save the following content into a file named ",n(a.code,{children:"config.yaml"})," (don't forget to update the image path with your username):"]}),"\n",n(a.figure,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:n(a.pre,{style:{backgroundColor:"#24292e",color:"#e1e4e8"},tabIndex:"0","data-language":"yaml","data-theme":"github-dark",children:l(a.code,{"data-language":"yaml","data-theme":"github-dark",style:{display:"grid"},children:[l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:"apiVersion"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:": "}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:"v1"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:"kind"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:": "}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:"Namespace"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:"metadata"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:":"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:" name"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:": "}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:"website-namespace"})]}),"\n",n(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:n(a.span,{style:{color:"#B392F0"},children:"---"})}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:"apiVersion"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:": "}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:"apps/v1"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:"kind"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:": "}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:"Deployment"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:"metadata"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:":"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:" name"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:": "}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:"website"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:" namespace"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:": "}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:"website-namespace"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:"spec"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:":"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:" replicas"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:": "}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#79B8FF"},children:"1"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:" selector"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:":"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:" matchLabels"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:":"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:" app"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:": "}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:"website-pod"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:" template"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:":"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:" metadata"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:":"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:" labels"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:":"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:" app"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:": "}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#9ECBFF"},children:"website-pod"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:" spec"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:":"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#85E89D"},children:" containers"}),n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:":"})]}),"\n",l(a.span,{"data-line":"",children:[n(a.span,{style:{color:"#E1E4E8"},children:" - 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If you see ',n(a.code,{children:"ImagePullBackOff"}),", double-check your registry credentials in Step 3!"]}),"\n",l(a.p,{children:["If you followed the previous article on Pi-Hole and forwarded ",n(a.code,{children:"*.home.arpa"})," domains to your Pi, your website should now be live at ",n(a.code,{children:"simple-website.home.arpa"}),"."]}),"\n",n(a.p,{children:n(a.img,{src:"/static/k8s-deploy_web-page-122919.webp",alt:"Web page"})}),"\n",l(a.p,{children:["You can find the complete code here: ",n(a.a,{href:"https://github.com/Local-pie/simple-app",children:"github.com/Local-pie/simple-app"})]}),"\n",n(a.h2,{id:"making-your-application-production-ready",children:"Making Your Application Production-Ready"}),"\n",l(a.p,{children:["While this guide uses a simple deployment, real-world applications often require persistent, replicated storage that survives pod restarts and node failures. To achieve this, you can implement a solution like ",n(a.a,{href:"https://thethoughtprocess.xyz/en/series/home-server/how-to-install-and-use-longhorn-kubernetes-storage",children:"Longhorn for highly available Kubernetes storage"}),"."]}),"\n",n(a.p,{children:"In the next article, we'll see how to deploy your website to the internet."})]})}return{default:function(e={}){const{wrapper:l}=e.components||{};return l?n(l,{...e,children:n(_createMdxContent,{...e})}):_createMdxContent(e)}};

Tag: #github-container-registry

Deploy a simple application with Kubernetes